Mercury exposure: are we at risk?

Abstract

South Africa is considered one of the major contributors to global Hg emissions into the atmosphere mainly due to coal-based power generation. Exposure to Hg occurs through the inhalation of Hg vapours, or ingestion of Hg-contaminated food or water. Mercury can also enter the body through the skin (dermal contact). However, the ingestion of Hg contaminated food (particularly fish) remains the principal exposure route. People who regularly eat locally caught fish with elevated Hg concentrations are potentially at risk. However, there are no South African consumption guidelines based on the status of Hg pollution and Hg concentrations in fish to guide local consumers. This is reason for serious concern, especially for individuals who eat fish more frequently. Since data are sparse, more studies are needed to better calculate risk. Researchers should collaborate and work with other national institutions and government organisations to address this serious health issue.