Anodes of Li4Mn5O12, Li4Ti5O12, and Li2Mn4O9 with a spinel-type structure have been evaluated in room-temperature lithium cells. The cathodes that were selected for this study were the stabilized spinels, Li1.03Mn1.97O4 and LiZn0.025Mn1.95O4, and layered LiCoO2. The electrochemical data demonstrated that Li+ ions will shuttle between two transition-metal host structures (anode and cathode) at a reasonably high voltage with a concomitant change in the oxidation state of the transition metal cations so that the Li+ ions do not reduce to the metallic state at the anode during charge. These cells reduce the safety hazards associated with cells containing metallic-lithium, lithium-alloy, and lithium-carbon anodes.
Reference:
Ferg, E, et al. 1994. Spinal Anodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries. Journal of the Electrochemical Society, vol. 141(11), pp L147-L150
Ferg, E., Gummow, R., De Kock, A., & Thackeray, M. (1994). Spinal Anodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries. http://hdl.handle.net/10204/2052
Ferg, E, RJ Gummow, A De Kock, and MM Thackeray "Spinal Anodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries." (1994) http://hdl.handle.net/10204/2052
Ferg E, Gummow R, De Kock A, Thackeray M. Spinal Anodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries. 1994; http://hdl.handle.net/10204/2052.
