The CSIR’s research activities in the biosciences domain centre on the structure and function of the building blocks of life through molecular biology, cell biology, biochemistry, chemistry and genetics. The research focus is shaped by the CSIR’s mandate of contributing to improved quality of life and industrial competitiveness through research, development and innovation and in response to the National Research and Development Strategy and National Biotechnology Strategy. The research is geared towards ensuring that South Africa will develop its indigenous knowledge, apply new knowledge from life sciences in treating and/or preventing disease, manage the unique and fragile ecosystems and find more sustainable energy alternatives.