"Detrimental carbonation" manifests itself by the loss of cementitious stabilization and the forming of loose powdery layers which lead to debonding of the surfacing. Up till now this was seen to be caused by poor curing techniques by contractors and therefore construction related. In Africa large sums of money were lost because the real cause was not properly identified, and a number of contractors probably went bankrupt because of this. If sufficient stabilizer was wrongly specified , this led to the destabilization of the layer with time, which was described as "carbonation from below"
Reference:
Botha, PB, Semmelink, CJ, and Raubenheimer, J. The real cause of detrimental carbonation in chemically stabilized layers and possible solutions. TREMTI 2005: Treatment and Recycling of Materials for Transport Infrastructure. 2nd International Symposium, Paris, France, 24-26 October, 2005, pp. 1-11
Botha, P., Semmelink, C., & Raubenheimer, J. (2005). Real cause of detrimental carbonation in chemically stabilized layers and possible solutions. http://hdl.handle.net/10204/1880
Botha, PB, CJ Semmelink, and J Raubenheimer. "Real cause of detrimental carbonation in chemically stabilized layers and possible solutions." (2005): http://hdl.handle.net/10204/1880
Botha P, Semmelink C, Raubenheimer J, Real cause of detrimental carbonation in chemically stabilized layers and possible solutions; 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10204/1880 .
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