dc.contributor.author |
Marais, JM
|
|
dc.contributor.author |
Abu-Mahfouz, Adnan MI
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|
dc.contributor.author |
Hancke, GP
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|
dc.date.accessioned |
2023-05-12T11:19:25Z |
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dc.date.available |
2023-05-12T11:19:25Z |
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dc.date.issued |
2022-12 |
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dc.identifier.citation |
Marais, J., Abu-Mahfouz, A.M. & Hancke, G. 2022. Improving the sustainability of confirmed traffic in LoRaWANs through an adaptive congestion scheme. <i>IEEE Sensors Journal, 23(2).</i> http://hdl.handle.net/10204/12775 |
en_ZA |
dc.identifier.issn |
1530-437X |
|
dc.identifier.issn |
1558-1748 |
|
dc.identifier.uri |
DOI: 10.1109/JSEN.2022.3226273
|
|
dc.identifier.uri |
http://hdl.handle.net/10204/12775
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|
dc.description.abstract |
The scalability of long-range wide area networks (LoRaWANs) is known to be very sensitive to the presence of traffic from gateways (GWs) to end devices (downlink (DL) traffic). The protocol supports confirmed traffic, for which DL traffic is generated in the form of acknowledgments (ACKs). Research has shown that even a limited number of ACKs quickly cause network congestion, negatively impacting scalability. This article introduces a mechanism, the adaptive congestion scheme (ACS), which aims to monitor the congestion caused by DL traffic and take steps to reduce it. Currently, the ACS supports one counteraction in the form of a newly developed algorithm called groupedPackets (also introduced in this article). This algorithm reduces the number of sent confirmed packets by requesting that confirmed nodes (nodes that only send confirmed traffic) aggregate their application packets. Simulations showed that this algorithm improved the successful delivery of both unconfirmed traffic and confirmed traffic. When traffic volumes are low, the algorithm has a minimal impact, but at high network packet arrival rates (higher than 0.1 pkt/s), the successful delivery of especially confirmed traffic increased significantly. |
en_US |
dc.format |
Abstract |
en_US |
dc.language.iso |
en |
en_US |
dc.relation.uri |
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9975288 |
en_US |
dc.source |
IEEE Sensors Journal, 23(2) |
en_US |
dc.subject |
Acknowledgment |
en_US |
dc.subject |
ACK |
en_US |
dc.subject |
Adaptive Congestion Scheme |
en_US |
dc.subject |
ACS |
en_US |
dc.subject |
Groupedpackets |
en_US |
dc.subject |
Long-Range Wide Area Network |
en_US |
dc.subject |
LoRaWAN |
en_US |
dc.subject |
Low-Power Wide Area Network |
en_US |
dc.subject |
LPWAN |
en_US |
dc.subject |
Scalability |
en_US |
dc.title |
Improving the sustainability of confirmed traffic in LoRaWANs through an adaptive congestion scheme |
en_US |
dc.type |
Article |
en_US |
dc.description.pages |
1660-1670 |
en_US |
dc.description.note |
© 2022 IEEE. Due to copyright restrictions, the attached PDF file only contains the abstract of the full text item. For access to the full text item, please consult the publisher's website: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9975288 |
en_US |
dc.description.cluster |
Next Generation Enterprises & Institutions |
en_US |
dc.description.impactarea |
EDT4IR Management |
en_US |
dc.identifier.apacitation |
Marais, J., Abu-Mahfouz, A. M., & Hancke, G. (2022). Improving the sustainability of confirmed traffic in LoRaWANs through an adaptive congestion scheme. <i>IEEE Sensors Journal, 23(2)</i>, http://hdl.handle.net/10204/12775 |
en_ZA |
dc.identifier.chicagocitation |
Marais, JM, Adnan MI Abu-Mahfouz, and GP Hancke "Improving the sustainability of confirmed traffic in LoRaWANs through an adaptive congestion scheme." <i>IEEE Sensors Journal, 23(2)</i> (2022) http://hdl.handle.net/10204/12775 |
en_ZA |
dc.identifier.vancouvercitation |
Marais J, Abu-Mahfouz AM, Hancke G. Improving the sustainability of confirmed traffic in LoRaWANs through an adaptive congestion scheme. IEEE Sensors Journal, 23(2). 2022; http://hdl.handle.net/10204/12775. |
en_ZA |
dc.identifier.ris |
TY - Article
AU - Marais, JM
AU - Abu-Mahfouz, Adnan MI
AU - Hancke, GP
AB - The scalability of long-range wide area networks (LoRaWANs) is known to be very sensitive to the presence of traffic from gateways (GWs) to end devices (downlink (DL) traffic). The protocol supports confirmed traffic, for which DL traffic is generated in the form of acknowledgments (ACKs). Research has shown that even a limited number of ACKs quickly cause network congestion, negatively impacting scalability. This article introduces a mechanism, the adaptive congestion scheme (ACS), which aims to monitor the congestion caused by DL traffic and take steps to reduce it. Currently, the ACS supports one counteraction in the form of a newly developed algorithm called groupedPackets (also introduced in this article). This algorithm reduces the number of sent confirmed packets by requesting that confirmed nodes (nodes that only send confirmed traffic) aggregate their application packets. Simulations showed that this algorithm improved the successful delivery of both unconfirmed traffic and confirmed traffic. When traffic volumes are low, the algorithm has a minimal impact, but at high network packet arrival rates (higher than 0.1 pkt/s), the successful delivery of especially confirmed traffic increased significantly.
DA - 2022-12
DB - ResearchSpace
DP - CSIR
J1 - IEEE Sensors Journal, 23(2)
KW - Acknowledgment
KW - ACK
KW - Adaptive Congestion Scheme
KW - ACS
KW - Groupedpackets
KW - Long-Range Wide Area Network
KW - LoRaWAN
KW - Low-Power Wide Area Network
KW - LPWAN
KW - Scalability
LK - https://researchspace.csir.co.za
PY - 2022
SM - 1530-437X
SM - 1558-1748
T1 - Improving the sustainability of confirmed traffic in LoRaWANs through an adaptive congestion scheme
TI - Improving the sustainability of confirmed traffic in LoRaWANs through an adaptive congestion scheme
UR - http://hdl.handle.net/10204/12775
ER -
|
en_ZA |
dc.identifier.worklist |
26519 |
en_US |