dc.contributor.author |
Lehong, C
|
|
dc.contributor.author |
Isong, B
|
|
dc.contributor.author |
Lugayizi, F
|
|
dc.contributor.author |
Abu-Mahfouz, Adnan MI
|
|
dc.date.accessioned |
2022-02-07T07:06:16Z |
|
dc.date.available |
2022-02-07T07:06:16Z |
|
dc.date.issued |
2021-12 |
|
dc.identifier.citation |
Lehong, C., Isong, B., Lugayizi, F. & Abu-Mahfouz, A.M. 2021. A spreading factor congestion status-aware adaptive data rate algorithm. <i>Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks, 10(4).</i> http://hdl.handle.net/10204/12258 |
en_ZA |
dc.identifier.issn |
2224-2708 |
|
dc.identifier.uri |
https://doi.org/10.3390/jsan10040070
|
|
dc.identifier.uri |
http://hdl.handle.net/10204/12258
|
|
dc.description.abstract |
LoRaWAN has established itself as one of the leading MAC layer protocols in the field of LPWAN. Although the technology itself is quite mature, its resource allocation mechanism, the Adaptive Data Rate (ADR) algorithm is still quite new, unspecified and its functionalities still limited. Various studies have shown that the performance of the ADR algorithm gradually suffers in dense networks. Recent studies and proposals have been made as attempts to improve the algorithm. In this paper, the authors proposed a spreading factor congestion status aware ADR version and compared its performance against that of four other related algorithms to study the performance improvements the algorithm brings to LoRaWAN in terms of DER and EC. LoRaSim was used to evaluate the algorithms’ performances in a simple sensing application that involved end devices transmitting data to the gateway every hour. The performances were measured based on how they affected DER as the network size increases. The results obtained show that the proposed algorithm outperforms the currently existing implementations of the ADR in terms of both DER and EC. However, the proposed algorithm is slightly outperformed by the native ADR in terms of EC. This was expected as the algorithm was mainly built to improve DER. The proposed algorithm builds on the existing algorithms and the ADR and significantly improves them in terms of DER and EC (excluding the native ADR), which is a significant step towards an ideal implementation of LoRaWAN’s ADR. |
en_US |
dc.format |
Fulltext |
en_US |
dc.language.iso |
en |
en_US |
dc.relation.uri |
https://www.mdpi.com/2224-2708/10/4/70 |
en_US |
dc.source |
Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks, 10(4) |
en_US |
dc.subject |
Adaptive Data Rate |
en_US |
dc.subject |
ADR |
en_US |
dc.subject |
Data extraction rate |
en_US |
dc.subject |
Energy consumption |
en_US |
dc.subject |
Long-Range Wide Area Networking |
en_US |
dc.subject |
LoRaWAN |
en_US |
dc.subject |
LoRaSim |
en_US |
dc.subject |
Low Power Wide Area Networking |
en_US |
dc.subject |
LPWAN |
en_US |
dc.subject |
Spreading factor |
en_US |
dc.title |
A spreading factor congestion status-aware adaptive data rate algorithm |
en_US |
dc.type |
Article |
en_US |
dc.description.pages |
12 |
en_US |
dc.description.note |
Copyright: © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
en_US |
dc.description.cluster |
Next Generation Enterprises & Institutions |
en_US |
dc.description.impactarea |
EDT4IR Management |
en_US |
dc.identifier.apacitation |
Lehong, C., Isong, B., Lugayizi, F., & Abu-Mahfouz, A. M. (2021). A spreading factor congestion status-aware adaptive data rate algorithm. <i>Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks, 10(4)</i>, http://hdl.handle.net/10204/12258 |
en_ZA |
dc.identifier.chicagocitation |
Lehong, C, B Isong, F Lugayizi, and Adnan MI Abu-Mahfouz "A spreading factor congestion status-aware adaptive data rate algorithm." <i>Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks, 10(4)</i> (2021) http://hdl.handle.net/10204/12258 |
en_ZA |
dc.identifier.vancouvercitation |
Lehong C, Isong B, Lugayizi F, Abu-Mahfouz AM. A spreading factor congestion status-aware adaptive data rate algorithm. Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks, 10(4). 2021; http://hdl.handle.net/10204/12258. |
en_ZA |
dc.identifier.ris |
TY - Article
AU - Lehong, C
AU - Isong, B
AU - Lugayizi, F
AU - Abu-Mahfouz, Adnan MI
AB - LoRaWAN has established itself as one of the leading MAC layer protocols in the field of LPWAN. Although the technology itself is quite mature, its resource allocation mechanism, the Adaptive Data Rate (ADR) algorithm is still quite new, unspecified and its functionalities still limited. Various studies have shown that the performance of the ADR algorithm gradually suffers in dense networks. Recent studies and proposals have been made as attempts to improve the algorithm. In this paper, the authors proposed a spreading factor congestion status aware ADR version and compared its performance against that of four other related algorithms to study the performance improvements the algorithm brings to LoRaWAN in terms of DER and EC. LoRaSim was used to evaluate the algorithms’ performances in a simple sensing application that involved end devices transmitting data to the gateway every hour. The performances were measured based on how they affected DER as the network size increases. The results obtained show that the proposed algorithm outperforms the currently existing implementations of the ADR in terms of both DER and EC. However, the proposed algorithm is slightly outperformed by the native ADR in terms of EC. This was expected as the algorithm was mainly built to improve DER. The proposed algorithm builds on the existing algorithms and the ADR and significantly improves them in terms of DER and EC (excluding the native ADR), which is a significant step towards an ideal implementation of LoRaWAN’s ADR.
DA - 2021-12
DB - ResearchSpace
DP - CSIR
J1 - Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks, 10(4)
KW - Adaptive Data Rate
KW - ADR
KW - Data extraction rate
KW - Energy consumption
KW - Long-Range Wide Area Networking
KW - LoRaWAN
KW - LoRaSim
KW - Low Power Wide Area Networking
KW - LPWAN
KW - Spreading factor
LK - https://researchspace.csir.co.za
PY - 2021
SM - 2224-2708
T1 - A spreading factor congestion status-aware adaptive data rate algorithm
TI - A spreading factor congestion status-aware adaptive data rate algorithm
UR - http://hdl.handle.net/10204/12258
ER -
|
en_ZA |
dc.identifier.worklist |
25301 |
en_US |